關代子句之一 關代子句之三(分詞構句)要學分詞構句之前,必須先具備兩個重要的英文概念-關代子句概念以及被動式。還沒看過第一篇的同學最好先讀一下。
關代子句之三:分詞構句(關代省略)
要學分詞構句之前,必須先具備兩個重要的英文概念-關代子句概念以及被動式。還沒看過第一篇的同學最好先讀一下。
關於關代省略
關代有時會被省略,通常英文越厲害的人,字會越少,關代的地位就反而變得不重要。但省略關代後:
- 主動動詞要改加
-ing - 被動式要留下
pp
這個過程很容易出錯,加上不是每個關代都可以被省略然後把動詞加 -ing。
通常我給初學者的建議就是以先大量閱讀為主,先開始關注有哪些地方關代疑似被省略、留下一個 -ing 或 pp 的分詞,有一天你會突然發現你會了。
基本關代省略示範
- 主動用法(關代代表的主詞是主動):
- The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
- -> The woman living next door is a doctor.
- 被動用法(關代代表的字是被動式):
- The bridge which was built thirty years ago still stands there.
- -> The bridge built thirty years ago still stands there.
(橋是被蓋的,所以關代子句中有被動式 which was built,要省略時是「關代 + be 動詞」一起省略,只留下 pp。這是省略的規則,沒什麼好討價還價的,沒有為什麼。學習者就是用,不然就是不要用。)
常見典型錯誤(警惕!)
我最常看到的錯誤,就是沒事把關代 which 又加回去,變成一種沒人看懂的英文:
- ❌ The bridge which built thirty years ago still stands there.
- ❌ The bridge was built thirty years ago still stands there.
這兩種錯都很常見!難版的分詞構句也都是同一個原理延伸出來的。
延伸分詞構句與句型改寫示範
- 主動分詞:
- Fish feeding off the coral (吃珊瑚的魚) are able to withstand powerful ultraviolet rays.
- 被動分詞:
- The Parthenon of Greece, built (被建立於) on the Acropolis in Athens, was the chief temple to the goddess Athena.
句首分詞構句改寫示範:
- The church was built in 1700, and now it is a popular tourist spot.
- -> Built in 1700, the church is now a popular tourist spot.
- The computer was introduced in the 70’s, and now it is widely used in people’s lives.
- -> Introduced in the 70’s, the computer is widely used in people’s lives.
大量閱讀並且把你看到的關代省略句型抄在本子裏,並且常常拿出來複習吧!

